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  		   		<h1 id="contentTitle">再思考：如何推理与举证</h1>
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    		       <p class="post-time">2015-09-18 02:35</p>
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    		   		 <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">推理是非常重要的。这门课程将教会你如何正确推理。你将会学到如何理解并评断他人的论据，以及如何基于感兴趣的话题构造自己的论据。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">课程大纲</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第一部分：如何分析论据（即确定论据，并将其简化、归纳以便突出联系彼此的结构）<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第一周：如何确认一条论据<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第二周：如何分解一条论据<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第三周：如何重塑一条论据</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第二部分：演绎论证的评断（即其前提与结论之间是否存在有效关联）<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第四周：命题逻辑及真值表<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第五周：分类逻辑及三段论</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第三部分：归纳论证的评断（即其前提是否提供了结论所需要的足够证据）<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第六周：归纳论证论据的定义<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第七周：因果论证<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第八周：归纳概率与决断</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第四部分：一团糟的论据（即常见的容易犯的错误）<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第九周：谬误之模糊与歧义<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第十周：谬误之相关性谬论及空白性谬论<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第十一周：如何反驳一条论据<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>第十二周：联系日常的学以致用</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">先修知识</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>这门课非常适合大学新生或者高年级中学生，或者（事实上是）任何对此感兴趣的人。因而我们除了要求学生具备相关的英语知识，再无其他。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">课程相关教材</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>注册该课程的学生将能在课程期间免费阅读相关章节，这些都是由授课教师为课程精心选择的。你可以通过Chegg网站上的电子阅读器来阅读教材的Coursera精简电子版。如果你选择了“购买此书”，你可以买到这本教材的完整版，而不限于本课程中涉及的章节。这是由Coursera与出版商及Chegg联合发起的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>圣智优选：掌握论据<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>作者：Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter, Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter (WalterSinnott-Armstrong), Fogelin, Robert J.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>出版商：圣智学习出版集团</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">推荐阅读</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>期望学习更多详细例子和附加练习，或是进一步深入了解这些话题的学生可以参看《掌握论据：非正式逻辑导论》<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>你可以在这里找到电子版。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">授课形式</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>每一周的课程将会提供一些教学视频，这些视频可以独立观看亦可以当作三个关联讲座。每段视频后会要求学生完成小测验（确保你理解了课程内容），另外还有长些中期测验。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">常见问</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">题解答</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>1. 完成这门课后能获得证书吗？<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>是的。成功完成这门课的学生将会收到授课教师署名的认证证书。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>2. 这门课需要我做什么准备？<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>一台能上网的电脑。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>3. 这门课将带给我最酷的事？<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>用“说话模棱两可的人”这样的添堵称呼来代表那些企图用糟糕的论据来愚弄你的人。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>4. 别人怎么评价这门课？<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>这里有一些来自于已经学过这门课的学生的评语：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>“我很感谢这门课的两位老师。这课相当有趣，具有启发性，并且我非常喜欢世界各地不同观点、不同背景人们的加入。”<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>“课程刚开始的一两周内，我一度沉浸在不知是对某些概念还是对某次家庭作业的思考中；然后我突然意识到：‘也许这才是真正的思考？’。事实上，我来自一个思考氛围浓厚的家庭；我自己也一直在思考关于人生和职业的事…但是不知为何我意识到，尽管我过去一直在思考，但类似这类的思考还真是不怎么多见…所以，非常感谢！”<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>“Dr. Sinott-Armstrong和Dr. Neta之间的融洽关系以及他们的幽默感使得这门课引人入胜，趣味横生。他们毫不吝啬地展现了对这个话题的激情，并且在解释时充满耐心。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&#39;, SimHei, tahoma, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.000020980835px; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>另外还有一些近期的文章和新闻提到了这门课，请戳链接：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>1.Raleigh News and Observer Article - January 20, 2013<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>（）<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/>2.&quot;How Free Online Courses are Changing the Traditional Liberal Arts Education&quot; PBS Newshour - January 8, 2013（）</p><p><br/></p>
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